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slides/cours_5.md
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......@@ -518,4 +518,93 @@ int fib_imp(int n) {
}
```
# Exponentiation rapide
\Huge L'exponentiation rapide ou indienne
# Exponentiation rapide ou indienne (1/4)
## But: Calculer $x^n$
* Quel est l'algorithmie le plus simple que vous pouvez imaginer?
. . .
```C
double pow(double x, int n) {
if (0 == n) {
return 1;
}
double p = c;
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
p = p * x; // x *= x
}
return x;
}
```
* Combien de multiplication et d'assignations en fonction de `n`?
. . .
* `n` assignations et `n` multiplications.
# Exponentiation rapide ou indienne (2/4)
* Proposez un algorithme naïf et récursif
. . .
```C
double pow(double x, int n) {
if (n != 0) {
return x * pow(x, n-1);
} else {
return 1;
}
}
```
# Exponentiation rapide ou indienne (3/4)
## Exponentiation rapide ou indienne de $x^n$
* Écrivons $n=\sum_{i=0}^{d-1}b_i 2^i,\ b_i=\{0,1\}$ (écriture binaire sur $d$ bits, avec
$d\sim\log_2(n)$).
*
$$
x^n={x^{2^0}}^{b_0}\cdot {x^{2^1}}^{b_1}\cdots {x^{2^{d-1}}}^{b_{d-1}}.
$$
* On a besoin de $d$ calculs pour les $x^{2^i}$.
* On a besoin de $d$ calculs pour évaluer les produits de tous les termes.
## Combien de calculs en terme de $n$?
. . .
* $n$ est représenté en binaire avec $d$ bits $\Rightarrow d\sim\log_2(n)$.
* il y a $2\log_2(n)\sim \log_2(n)$ calculs.
# Exponentiation rapide ou indienne (4/4)
## Le vrai algorithme
* Si n est pair: calculer $\left(x^{n/2}\cdot x^{n/2}\right)$,
* Si n est impair: calculer $x \cdot \left(x^{(n-1)/2}\right)^2=x\cdot x^{n-1}$.
## Exercice: écrire l'algorithme récursif correspondant
. . .
```C
double pow(double x, int n) {
if (0 == n) {
return 1;
} else if (n % 2 == 0) {
return pow(x, n / 2) * pow(x, n/2);
} else {
return x * pow(x, (n-1));
}
}
```
slides/figs/Float_example.svg 0 → 100644
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\ No newline at end of file
slides/figs/Float_example_bare.svg 0 → 100644
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