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removed ols stuff

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# The URL the site will be built for
base_url = "https://www.lattice-boltzmann.com"
# Whether to automatically compile all Sass files in the sass directory
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theme = "toucan"
transparent = "true"
[markdown]
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highlight_theme = "base16-ocean-light"
[extra]
# Put all your custom variables here
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title = "High performance lattice Boltzmann method"
[extra.theme]
read_more = "Read more"
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title = "The dimensionless lattice Boltzmann equation"
description = "How to write the dimensionless lattice Boltzmann equation"
date = 2024-03-06
slug = "dimensionless"
[extra]
katex = true
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## Thed imensionless Navier-Stokes
In order to write the dimensionless lattice Boltzmann equation, we start by reminding the basis of dimensional analysis for fluid flows by writing the dimensionless incompressible Navier--Stokes which are more common in the litterature.
The incompressible Navier--Stokes equations reads
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\begin{aligned}
&\bm{\nabla}\cdot\bm{u}=0,\\\\
&\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\bm{u}+\bm{u}\cdot\bm{\nabla}\bm{u}=-\frac{1}{\rho}\bm{\nabla}p+\nu\bm{\nabla}^2\bm{u},
\end{aligned}
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where $p$, $\rho$, $\nu$, and $\bm{u}$ are respectively the pressure, density, kinematic viscosity, and velocity of the flow.
In order to transform this equation into its dimensionless form a certain amount of characteristic lengthscales must be chosen. Here we will define $U$ as the characteristic velocity of the flow and $L$ its characteristic length.
We can the write all the above quantities dimensionless form
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\begin{aligned}
&\bm{u}^\ast=\frac{\bm{u}}{U}, &p^\ast=\frac{p}{\rho U^2},\\\\
&t^\ast=\frac{U}{L}t, &\bm{x}^\ast=\frac{\bm{x}}{L},\\\\
&\frac{\partial}{\partial t^\ast}=\frac{L}{U}\frac{\partial}{\partial t}, &\bm{\nabla}^\ast=L\bm{\nabla}
\end{aligned}
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Replacing these equations into the Navier--Stokes equations one gets
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\begin{aligned}
&\bm{\nabla}^\ast\cdot\bm{u}^\ast=0,\\\\
&\frac{\partial}{\partial t^\ast}\bm{u}^\ast+\bm{u}^\ast\cdot\bm{\nabla}^\ast\bm{u}^\ast=-\bm{\nabla}^\ast p^\ast+\frac{1}{\mathrm{Re}}\bm{\nabla}^{\ast 2}\bm{u}^\ast,
\end{aligned}
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where $\mathrm{Re}=U\cdot L/\nu$ is the _famous_ Reynolds number which represents the ratio of the inertial over the viscous forces.
It must me noted that this non-dimensionnalization procedure heavily relies on the choice of the characteristic timescale of the flow
which is this case can be constructed through the characteristic velocity of the flow, $T=L/U$. By chosing the kinematic viscosity instead of the
velocity, the characteristic time of the flow becomes, $T=L^2/\nu$. With this new characteristic time the dimensionless quantities become
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\begin{aligned}
&\bm{u}^\ast=\frac{L}{\nu}\bm{u}, &p^\ast=\frac{L^2}{\nu^2\rho}p,\\\\
&t^\ast=\frac{\nu}{L^2}t, &\bm{x}^\ast=\frac{\bm{x}}{L},\\\\
&\frac{\partial}{\partial t^\ast}=\frac{L^2}{\nu}\frac{\partial}{\partial t}, &\bm{\nabla}^\ast=L\bm{\nabla}
\end{aligned}
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which in turn give the following dimensionless Navier--Stokes equations
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\begin{aligned}
&\bm{\nabla}^\ast\cdot\bm{u}^\ast=0,\\\\
&\frac{\partial}{\partial t^\ast}\bm{u}^\ast+\bm{u}^\ast\cdot\bm{\nabla}^\ast\bm{u}^\ast=-\bm{\nabla}^\ast p^\ast+\bm{\nabla}^{\ast 2}\bm{u}^\ast,
\end{aligned}
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where we see that no dimensionless number is present anymore. This kind of non-dimensionalization is only valid for creeping flows that move only very slowly and will not interest us in this series of tutorials.
## The dimensionless Boltzmann equation
The quantity of interest in the Boltzmann equation is the desity probability distribution function
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f(\bm{x},\bm{\xi}, t)
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which represents the probability of finding a particle at position $\bm{x}$ with velocity $\bm{\xi}$ at time $t$.
In this tutorial we will only be interested in the Boltzmann-BGK equation[^1]
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\partial_t f(\bm{x}, \bm{\xi}, t)+\bm{\xi}\cdot \bm{\nabla}f(\bm{x},\bm{\xi}, t)=-\frac{1}{\tau}\left(f(\bm{x}, \bm{\xi}, t)-f^{eq}(\bm{x}, \bm{\xi}, t)\right),
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where $\tau$ is the relaxation time of the fluid, and $f^{eq}$ the equilibrium distribution function which is typically the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (more on this later).
The dimensionless density distribution function is then given by
[^1]: See reference TODO
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